Reforestation Opportunities in Indonesia: Mitigating Climate Change and Achieving Sustainable Development Goals

Reforestation in the tropics is highlighted as an important intervention to mitigate climate change globally because of its potential for high CO2 removal rates, ranging from 4.5 40.7 t CO2e ha?1 yr?1 during first 20 years tree growth. critical meeting emissions’ targets Paris Climate Agreement, well achieving Indonesia’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets. Increasing carbon stocks through forest and land rehabilitation activities (RHL) one Ministry Environment Forestry (MoEF) five main strategies reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions sector. This study focuses on reforestation opportunities support NDC GHG by 2030. We identified unproductive areas (shrub, open land) with highly degraded conditions reforestation. Based Indonesian data cover change, we found that 2019–2030 (11 years) under a realistic, ambitious very scenario may remove up ?0.25 GtCO2e (equal ?23 MtCO2e yr?1), ?1.3 ?124 yr?1) ?2.7 ?247 respectively. international (Hansen et al. 2013), 2019–2030, ambitious, scenario, have ?17 yr?1, ?118 ?241 demonstrates scenarios can significantly contribute forestry-related 2030 Indonesia Business As Usual (BAU) 17% 35%.